understand the sustainability performance of their supply chains based on farm-level data. FSA powers the new Canadian program, providing a whole farm sustainability assessment incorporating economic and financial viability, social responsibility and environmental protection. For Canadian soy customers, the FSA will provide access to a third-party verified sustainable supply backed by a globally recognized system. “It’s a system that will demonstrate how Sustainable Canadian Soy is comparable or better than other origins,” explains Persall. “This assurance process also enables users of Canadian soybeans to make sustainability claims with confidence, including food packaging.” FSA also has benchmarks for many international programs, including the U.S. Soy Sustainability Assurance Protocol (SSAP). The U.S. program is equivalent to FSA silver, a benchmarking level Soy Canada anticipates Canadian growers will achieve through the new program. Starting with the 2023 soybean crop, Ontario IP and food-grade soybean growers interested in participating in the program can sign up with their exporter or grain handler. Program participation requires completing a questionnaire that looks at all aspects of the sustainability of a farm operation. A small number of growers will also be required to participate in an assessment by a third party each year, a process managed by their exporter or grain handler. “The Sustainable Canadian Soy program will drive value for the soybean industry,” predicts Innes. “This program is designed to minimize the additional documentation workload while maintaining access to markets that recognize the quality of Canadian soybeans, open new opportunities, and ultimately, get the most that we can for our soybeans.” To learn more about the Sustainable Canadian Soy program, visit soycanada.ca/ sustainability. l ONTARIO GRAIN FARMER 13 APRIL/MAY 2023 The foundations of the new Sustainable Canadian Soy program include land use efficiency, climate-smart farming, soil health, water stewardship, biodiversity and habitat. Basic wheat anatomy 1st leaf crown seed main stem 3rd leaf first tiller second tiller 4th leaf 5th leaf nodal roots coleoptile tiller 2nd leaf seminal roots During the vegetative stages, the auricles are often a good way to distinguish between different cereal crops. leaf sheath leaf blade auricles [ This illustration shows the basic anatomy of a Growth Stage (GS) 22 plant (1 main stem and 2 tillers); the intention of the drawing is to illustrate and annotate an ideal plant. Plants in the field are rarely ideal and are often missing leaves, tillers, etc. Auricles blunt and hairy; leaf sheath and blade always hairy; ligule medium length; leaf blades twist clockwise. WHEAT Atiller is capable of forming a single head (spike). The headis made up of spikelets. Each spikelet contains individual florets. Individual florets can produce a single kernel. Are tillers important? Tillers are absolutely necessary for high yields. 1can produce 4-5 planted seed tillers are also called auxillary or side shoots; not all tillers will complete development and produce grain. Tillering tillers KEY YIELD COMPONENT The total number of tillers that are produced in the fall is dependent on the number of GDD accumulated since planting. In Ontario, the recommended seeding date for optimal tiller development is dependent on your location. Scan the QR code below or see the Contributors and Acknowledgments section to access a map of recommended seeding dates. Flowering GS61 FLOWERING Beginning of flowering awn Anthers dangle outside the florets during flowering. This stage begins shortly after the head has completely emerged from the leaf sheath. Cereal crops are most susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB) during the flowering period. If using a protective T3 fungicide, starting now, and continuing 5 - 7 days after this stage, is the optimum time for application. anther The male flower part that produces and releases pollen. pollen The powder-like grains that enable fertilization. T3 fungicide timing x4.25 2022-12-22 2:47 PM Page 46 A Visual Guide to Winter wheat staging with contributions from: Cereal Staging Guide_7.5x4.25 2022-12-22 2:45 PM Pag with contributions from: Learn about: • Wheat anatomy • Important stages throughout the season • Scouting tips • Key yield components High definition photographs In-depth descriptions Download your FREE copy of “A Visual Guide to Winter wheat staging”, created specifically for Ontario farmers, by scanning the QR code: https://gfo.ca/agronomy/crop-management/ A Visual Guide to Winter wheat staging
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